Convergence of the Twain Analysis Essay

The Convergence of the Twain Rewrite Intimated in Hardy’s pindaric ode entitled â€Å"The Convergence of the Twain† is an attitude of melancholy. While this poem is sad, it appears that Hardy also employs his work to revisit a common theme in his works and a strong belief in his life: marriage. The poem seems to carry the metaphor of marriage and the metonymy of the Titanic. Then later demonstrating the sundering of this idea. It is no secret that Hardy does not agree with marriage. In another piece of his work, Jude the Obscure, he states â€Å"Marriage is marriage†, and getting out of it is both extremely difficult and also immoral. In stanza seven Hardy describes the ship as â€Å"her† and that a â€Å"sinister mate† was being prepared for her. Illustrating both sides of a marriage. Sinister seems the perfect way to describe Hardy’s attitude to the work and the idea as a whole. The stanzas appear to represent boats or ships at the start of the poem. As the reader continues to each stanza, he can see that each stanza becomes a little more deshevelled. Until the stanzas become completely disjointed. This represents the ship hitting the iceberg and cracking, and eventually splitting. Throughout the work Hardy alludes to fate. Listing key words such as, † thread†, â€Å"fashioning†, â€Å"Immanent Will†, and most importantly, â€Å"Till the Spinner.† â€Å"The Spinner† is referring to the third fate: Clotho. This fate spins the thread of life. â€Å"Till the Spinner of the Years Said â€Å"Now!† And each one hers, And consummation comes, and jars two hemispheres† This quote coming from the last stanza of the poem demonstrates Hardy’s lack of optimism for marriage. It also establishes when the Titanic struck the iceberg that it devestated two hemispheres and will stand as a depressing

The goal of improving our educational system for the benefit

If there is one thing that binds all our readings together, it is the goal of improving our educational system for the benefit of our student and their future. Despite the debates actively taking place and the battles educational institutions are fighting for, there remains a consensus, a middle ground where all can meet and be in agreement. And that is the drive towards developing our children into the best individuals they can possibly be, ready to take on bigger and more challenging roles in the future.This development starts the moment life breathes into a child. This continues as he or she grows and matures. But we do not expect all children to develop at the same time, in the same manner, at the same pace, because as Tanner (1978) pointed out, children possess a â€Å"tempo of growth,† meaning, some â€Å"play out their growth andante, others allegro, a few lentissimo† (cited in Hetherington and Parke, 1993, p. 90).This fact led me to assess what theorist Vygotsky termed as â€Å"zone of proximal development† or ZPD in the playground and in my host teacher’s classroom to explore the â€Å"distance between the actual development level† of students as determined by their â€Å"independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined† by their â€Å"problem solving under adult supervision or in collaboration with more capable peers† (cited in Thomas, 2000, pp. 308-309). Since Vygotsky focused on cognitive and mental development in exploring children’s ZPD, my research will explore the physical signs of development by which students manifest ZPD.My observation started with kids in the playground. I watched as a group of children played – chasing each other, climbing poles, taking slides, swinging and running around, jumping in ropes, and exhibiting tons of energy.   I noticed their bodies are small and fragile, yet they are very strong and eager to engage in active and ti reless play. I picked two kids to talk to; one was a nine-year old boy, 4’9† tall and 110 lbs. heavy, and the other was a girl about the same age, 4’7† in height and appears relatively thin for her age. Both are actively engaged in playing with their friends, but differ in backgrounds, maturity, and level of reasoning and thinking.The girl came from humble roots, with only a relative to take care of her. I noticed a level of sincerity, maturity, and truthfulness for her age. She said she prefers studying more than playing because she regards education as a stepping stone to fulfill her dream of improving her family’s life. On the other hand, the boy came from an affluent family. As I was talking to him, I noticed that his mind was not in our conversation, as he continuously gazed at his playmates showing uninterested to my queries. He claimed he prefers playing than studying because he usually achieves the fun he wants in the playground and not in th e classroom.My journey in exploring children’s ZPD led me to my host teacher’s class in Laggard High School. Before the first period, Earth Science, I was introduced to the class and the students welcomed me with subtle smiles and greetings. I immediately took note of their different body structures that ranged from thin to big, but majority were of the normal structure for their age. My host teacher started the discussion with a recap of the previous lesson. This was her strategy to get students’ attention, at the same time, gauge the memory and knowledge of her students.She connected the previous topic with the lesson for the day for them to easily follow the discussion and thus, a smooth transition of topics. The students cooperated as they listened attentively to what she was saying. However, she disliked this silence because she wants her students to participate in the discussion by actively reciting or raising a question or clarification. Thus, she encoura ged them to raise their hand if they think and feel like they cannot follow what she was saying or they simply want to add or say something to the class. And so some students started raising their hands and stood up. One student seated at the back waved at her and asked her to repeat what she just said because this student did not hear clearly what the teacher said; another persistently raised her hand and called out to her, supplementing the discussion with some of her thoughts and ideas.Furthermore, my host teacher encouraged a collaborative style of learning, in which a student will assist another student in understanding the lessons. Not only does help come from my host teacher and her assistant teacher, but also from students themselves. The more capable students moved out from their chairs to go to their less capable classmates. They started opening their notes and engaged in chit-chats. One even pretended she was the teacher and went in front of the class to make a point. Ano ther used his forefinger to stress important facts in his notes at the same time made use of hand gestures to express himself. Others, who were being taught, simply nodded in agreement and thanked the more capable classmates for tutoring. This was a clear evidence of scaffolding or adjusting or modifying the kind and amount of support given to the students that is best fitted to their level of development (Hetherington and Parke, 1993, p.333).My host teacher, aware that her students have varied levels of knowledge absorption and mental capacity, modified the support she gives to the class by letting more capable students assist less capable ones, since she knows she cannot focus on each one of them. This allows the more capable students to share their knowledge and the less capable students to cope up with and follow the lessons, thus a harmonious classroom environment is encouraged and a uniform level of development is reached. Moreover, as I stayed longer in the classroom, I reali zed that students demonstrated ZPD only with the people they trust and respect.While some called my assistance, others still regarded me as an outsider and hesitated to ask for my help. I found this claim more evident in the next session, as some students grew noisy and unruly. With just one stern look or a thumbs-down signal from my host teacher and every single mouth shuts up. Therefore, for all students to reach the desired ZPD, more capable students, who possess the ability to solve problems on their own and with the help of their teacher, should help out those who cannot solve problems independently. Also, for ZPD to take effect, trust and respect should primarily be established.ZPD comes with time and effort. We can gauge students’ ZPD by their physical activeness either in the playground or in the classroom, as they energetically play with their playmates, and raise their hands in recitation or use hand gestures in expressing themselves, respectively. The physical deve lopment of one child does not rest solely on his or her height or weight, as both the two kids in the playground and the students in the classroom exhibited activeness and flexibility in their own ways.Furthermore, less physical development in children does not mean less emotional and cognitive development, as evident in the girl who demonstrated more maturity and intelligence in answering my queries, and the more capable students, of normal body structures, who established more knowledge and problem solving skills. In addition, the environment where a child grows up or lives in with creates a huge impact on his or her development, as manifested by the simple beginnings of the girl who valued education more than anything else, the affluent upbringing of the boy who considered playing as more important than studying, and the students in the classroom, taught by their teacher to value collaboration in learning.Although these are little signs of children’s physical development, these are significant indicators that will lead them to develop socially in their dealings with their parents, classmates, teachers, friends, and neighbors; emotionally in facing life and its situations maturely; and cognitively with a deep understanding of things and problem solving techniques. My research can help parents realize that they should give their children enough freedom to have fun and enjoy their childhood, but at the same time, instill the value of education. Teachers, too, can benefit from my research, in that they should encourage peer collaboration in the classroom for students to express themselves physically and cognitively. Learning about students’ ZPD is one way educational institutions can help guarantee that knowledge, critical thinking, and problem solving, are imparted in our students, thus the goal of developing our children into the best individuals they can possibly be, is realized.ReferencesHetherington, E.M. and Parke, R. (1993). Child Psycholog y: A contemporary viewpoint(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.Thomas, R.M. (2000). Comparing theories of child development (5th ed.). California:Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Re Companies at Fault or Is It the Lack of Personal Responsibility?

Are Companies At Fault? Or Is It The lack Of Personal Responsibility? How does one become fat? Is it the lack of responsibility of one's actions to make healthy food choices, the lack of knowledge to know if something is healthy or unhealthy for your body, or television hypnotizing the viewer into buying an unhealthy product? According to surgeon general, obesity has become a health epidemic that needs to be controlled and prevented. Almost a third of America's population is obese and growing. Obesity is also now a wide spread topic that has caught the attention of journalists and health activists.Writers all over America have an opinion on the obesity epidemic such as Radley Balko who wrote the article â€Å"What You Eat Is Your Business. † Is obesity a medical condition or a consequence of a person's food choice? In Balko's article, he argues that the government is attempting to control what Americans consume and that obesity is caused by poor food choices. He tells us that the government is removing junk food and sodas from school vending machines, wanting more labeling (such as warning labels), and restricting food marketing to children. In other words, bringing government between your waist line† (158). Balko speaks the government is fighting obesity the wrong way by removal of the vending machine snacks, taxing more on higher calorie foods, and having restaurants send their food creations into a nutritional lab to be tested. He thinks the right way to defeat and handle obesity is to give the people a choice to want to be obese or improve your physical self. â€Å"†¦ Government ought to be working to foster a sense of responsibility in and ownership of one's own health and well-being† (158).Balko tells us that â€Å"the best way to alleviate the obesity public health crisis is to remove obesity from the realm of public health† (159). Balko thinks that Americans need to be able to choose healthy on their own without the gover nment's interference. If America is educated about food health, the better choice can be made. It is up to the individual to choose a salad or a home cooked meal over a Big Mac. People are smart enough to know what to put into their bodies. Another writer who wrote about obesity is John H. Banzhaf who's article is opposite of Balko's views.Banzhaf, the man who wields the law as a weapon against fast food companies. Banzhaf wants congress to figure out a solution for the obesity crisis and he is disappointed that congress is supporting a bill that gives fast food companies immunity from all liability. he does not think that obesity is caused by the lack of personal responsibility, he explains that the â€Å"rise of obesity and obesity related diseases occurred largely within the past 15-20 years, and there is no evidence that there has been a corresponding drop in and/or parental responsibility† (163).He thinks that if law suits against tobacco companies are effective, he can have the same effectiveness against the fast food industry. According to Banzhaf, fast food industries should be held liable for its key role in the ascension of obesity. His thoughts on what congress should do to help go against obesity before thinking about giving fast food industries immunity is to â€Å"A. have the fast food industries display information about calories and fat in their menus†¦ , B. e required that all fast food restaurants provide appropriate warning about the danger of eating fattening foods too often, C. require that all fast food restaurants provide more nutritious alternative menu†¦ , and require that all food item intended for children – provide fat and calorie content†¦ † (165-166). Banzhaf's article disagrees with Balko's argument because Banzhaf points most of the blame for obesity toward fast food and is arguing that it is not lack of responsibility, but the lack of nutritional knowledge and availability of healthy food.He wants the FFR to be liable for the contribution in the obesity epidemic and for not well informing their customers properly about the content of their food. Yves Engler would agree with Banzhaf with his article â€Å"Obesity: Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations. † Engler begins with his article with statistics of why obesity s now a large health crisis such as claiming that almost a third of the U. S. population obese and that the rate of obesity has doubled within 13 years.He found link through researchers that obesity is connected to 30 other medical conditions and he learned that the epidemic is costing billions of dollars to treat obesity related conditions, and people are putting more faith into weight loss drugs and surgery, rather than naturally losing weight through exercise. He has discovered that FFR are more available in walking distance from a home than supermarkets. â€Å"Poor areas often have had an even higher exposure to FFR and fewer super mark ets†¦ † (174). In Englers studies, fast food products are consumed in greater quantities (175).The amount food you receive has increased into bigger portions and according to angler people consume 30 percent more since 1983. Companies spend billions of dollars to advertise their products and their main target are children. Engler says that animated characters and toy gain the attention of children, thus making the children have their parents come in and eat at the restaurant. â€Å"Companies use cartoon characters, toys, and other items to have powerful influence over children† (175). The soda companies invaded schools to gain profit children.Engler's argument is that companies are relentless in selling their unhealthy products and succeeding in their sales. With the company's success leads to an obese America. Engler can connect with Balko's article because children/teenagers/adults need to take responsibility in their food and drink choices and consume in moderat ion of the unhealthy choices. Engler also connects well with Banzhaf because Banzhaf is going against the FFR, the same as Engler is and that fast food is a key factor for the cause of obesity.Cathy Arnst has a different view on the subject on is obesity caused by a lack pr personal responsibility or is it the food we eat. Cathy Arnst does not think that obesity is caused by our lack or personal responsibility in what we eat. She emphasizes that the foods we eat have more calories than what they used to be in the past. â€Å"Two new studies conclude that the food industry is following the tobacco industry’s play book to ensure that we keep loading up on calories, and as a result virtually all of the weight gain in the U. S. ver the last 30 years can be attributed to eating more, not moving less† (01). She say that having no physical activity plays no role in why we have an obesity epidemic. People today just eat more than what we used to in the past. Cathy can relate t o Banzhaf and Engler because the problem is the food that’s available. So like what Banzhaf was saying, there should be an alternative healthy menu. Finally, who really is at fault for causing the obesity epidemic? All writers have made good points on why this happened and good ideas of actions we should make.People are at fault for the food choices they eat and corporations are at fault for selling high calorie foods that cause fat tissue to grow. Also corporation irresponsibility for targeting children mainly for buying their products through their advertisements because they are teaching a generation to buy unhealthy foods and saying it’s ok. If this Epidemic is to ever be solved, instead of pointing what is causing it, make choices as an individual to make the next day healthier for yourself because every adult is responsible for their own well being.

International Banks Functions and Regulations Essay

International Banks Functions and Regulations - Essay Example This research will begin with the overview of international banks. A proper definition of International Banks mainly depicts a facility, which permits various funding organizations belonging to diverse regions of the nations throughout the globe to perform credit and debit operations. It also facilitates these funding organizations to participate in offering various loan provision services to various foreign inhabitants and establishments. Depending on the services, the international banks usually avails various sorts of exemptions in terms of reserve requirements and imposed tax rates that set by the respective governments. It is worth mentioning that direct as well as indirect support from the above-discussed funding organizations such as ‘International Banking Facility’ (IBF) eventually leads towards bringing about greater efficiency and effectiveness in the operational procedures of multiple international banks. After acquiring a brief idea about the international ba nks, it can be apparently observed that these banks offer a wide variety of services to both domestic and international clients. A few of these services have been described in the following. One of the services, which offer by international banks, is the ‘letter of credit’ service. This service is basically provided in the cases of products or services that purchase by individuals or organizations from the international banks. In relation to this particular service, the banks issue a document, which acts as an assurance of payment to the seller of the goods or the services, even if the buying individuals or organizations fail to comply with the payment process. It would be vital to mention that the banks issuing the ‘letter of credit’ document will certainly make the buyers liable for making payments to the sellers.

Bribery cross Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bribery cross Cultures - Research Paper Example However, the same is not true for all cultures. In countries such as China, Russia, Mexico, India and others bribes are a part of everyday business, on the other hand, countries such as â€Å"Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, and others rank the lowest in this list† (Supraner, 2010). Furthermore, the probability of occurrence of bribery related incidents is most likely in sector such as real estate, property development, oil and gas, construction, manufacturing, mining and public sector contracts. Furthermore, it appears that countries with particularistic cultures, which believe more in flexibility and adaption of rules according to situation, are more likely to accept and rationalize bribers. However, countries with universalistic cultures, which believe that rules and regulations should remain the same for all and under all circumstances, are more likely to resist bribes and see it as unethical (Supraner, 2010). Since the perceptions about bribery differ with cultu res it presents a great ethical challenge for companies to work in different cultures with satisfying their clients and preserving their ethical principles at the same time. Nevertheless, a prevailing culture of bribery in any country does not provide a rationalization of engaging in the practice (Supraner, 2010). Article # 2 - Shell Bribes Among Culture of Corruption,' Panalpina Admits During the fall of 2010, â€Å"Shell and five other companies paid 236.5 million US dollars to the United States Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission due to the charges of corruption† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Company officials agreed in front of the jury that during the period of 2002-2007, they paid thousands of dollars in bribes in â€Å"Angola, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Russia, and Turkmenistan† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). These bribes were paid to avoid custom processes, quick processing, and brining counter band drugs and arms in these coun tries. Surprisingly, the top management of the company and majority of the employees were involved in these practices. Furthermore, these bribes were not a matter of one or two events but bribes were being paid to highest government officials as â€Å"gifts† so that they would preference to the clients and documents of Shell and Panalpina. Working in these countries for so many years, Panalpina had created 160 terms of bribes such as evacuations†, â€Å"export formalities†, sunshine† and â€Å"black cash† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Despite the fact that these companies, which also include â€Å"Pride International, Transocean, Tidewater, Noble and GlobalSantaFe† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010), accepted their wrong doings but they also admitted that in the absence of these bribes, doing business in those countries becomes impossible. In short, the article stresses on the point that there are countries where bribe is a norm and even worse, a need. In the absence of the same, officials would deliberately try to put barriers in your way of business to force you to pay bribes. They would create an environment to trouble or woo away the customers thus leaving the company with no choice except for paying the money to those people, in order to ensure its survival (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Article # 3 – Corruption across Borders As the world economy and business markets are becoming global,

Does Cohabitation build a stronger, more successful marriage Term Paper

Does Cohabitation build a stronger, more successful marriage - Term Paper Example This means that experience of children with cohabitation should stay fairly low, cohabitation should often switch into marriage, and the standard length of a phase of cohabitation should be quite short (Manning 1995). Even though Casper and Bianchi (2002 as cited in Heuveline & Timberlake 2004) differentiated between antecedent to marriage and ‘experimental’ marriage founded on the encouragement of individuals cohabiting in relation to marriage, some researchers differentiate this form of marriage, on the basis of the definite decision to marry and bear a child. Cohabitation is a phase in the process of marriage instead of a preface to marriage when live-in couples who make a decision to have a child fail to sense firmly the accurate timing and order of marriage and childbearing (Brown & Booth 1996). Hence, cohabitation does not necessarily build a stronger or successful marriage. My report makes the following recommendations: If you feel strongly or solemn about marriag e you should perhaps decide not to enter cohabitation before marriage. (1) If ever you decide to cohabit prior to marriage it would be sensible to have a definite knowledge of or plan for your relationship. If either or both of you is/are reluctant to plan about your relationship then it is time to rethink the decision to cohabit. It is better to end a relationship than to cohabit without a definite plan for the future. (2) Marriage is evidently a strong foundation for couples. It is important to have legitimate children. The absence of a committed and stable relationship will put the children at great risk. Definition of Cohabitation Cohabitation is broadly defined as couples living together in a set up similar to married couples (USLegal 2011, para 1). Statutes differ in their definition of cohabitation. A number of state laws declare cohabitation a component of adultery which makes it a criminal offense (ibid, para 1). Cohabitation is defined in one state law as ‘regularly residing with an adult of the same or opposite sex, if the parties hold themselves out as a couple, and regardless of whether the relationship confers a financial benefit on the party receiving alimony. Proof of sexual relations is admissible but not required to prove cohabitation’ (USLegal 2011, para 1). However, Georgia’s law identifies cohabitation as ‘dwelling together continuously and openly in a meretricious relationship with another person, regardless of the sex of the other person’ (ibid, para 1). Popularity of Cohabitation A widespread social pattern of the recent decades is the increase in cohabitation and the drop in marriage. A large number of couples are happy to cohabit (Goodwin et al. 2010). Cohabitation has increasingly been accepted by the society even though it opposes the most basic principles of Christianity. Present-day society rarely differentiates between married couples and cohabiting ones (Manning 1995). Prevalence of Cohabitation Roughly 9% were found in 2002 to be cohabiting, which is identified in the report of Goodwin and colleagues (2010) as an unmarried woman and man living together, while ‘46% of women aged 15-44 were currently married’ (ibid, p. 2). The popularity of marriage is higher among non-Hispanic White women and men than those of non-Hispanic black. Figures for Hispanic women and men

Global Economic Integration Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Economic Integration Brazil - Essay Example Many factors have driven up the integration and globalization of the states. Some of the basic factors were; (i) development in the technology of communication and techniques of transportations which in turn reduced the cost of transporting goods and services, (ii) the mind set of the society has changed generally to take advantage in utilizing services of the growing economic integration and globalization, (iii) the policies of the state have considerably influenced the nature and pace of economic integration. Global Economic Integration of Brazil The trade policy in Brazil in the late 20th century is a debated question; whether the importance was given to regional trade arrangements or international trade and economic integration. However, as Manzetti points out, there had been attempts made in the Latin American region for integration of trade since late 1950s; and thus a new phase for Argentine-Brazilian economic integration was created. The most important trade initiative of the present was a regional trade initiative in the Common Market of South (Mercosul). Brazil gives reasonable importance to economic development in the country. But the social conditions of the state pull back from getting into the track.

Discuss the importance and role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Essay

Discuss the importance and role of Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21st Century - Essay Example For many years, the idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) focused on its validity and importance for effectiveness and image of organisations. Currently, the concern is not whether to practice CSR or not but is what and how. In short, in the 21st century, the CSR concept remains an important part of organization management strategy (Zheng, 2008). In the 21st century, CSR concerns are growing and are mainly focusing on organization sensitisation to systems and dynamics of management. It involves the growing alignment across many organization. CSR marks the progressive development of organizations as bodies of both corporate and societal management; venues for the integration of both private and public interests; participants in the organization and society oriented regulation; and possessors of shared, relational and other ways of connected external looking and internal looking responsibilities like event management. Issues revolving around CSR are tending primary for many par ticipants in multiple roles across organizations and community (Horrigan, 2007). In event management, a lot must be done behind the scenes in order for an event to be successful. The event management starts with writing proposals, negotiating fees and considering safety issues before dealing with timing, menus or even location. All aspects of organizing and strategic planning of an event should be conducted carefully. The planning includes proposal preparation, management fee determination, designing events in multicultural situations and identification of new ways that raise the efficiency of event operations (Allen, 2002). Event management with proper CSR practices is more likely to synchronise the strengths to the location, operational scope, and organisational levels placing it at a better position to combine the challenges. In this way, they will also be able to maintain environment related awareness and apply the relevant practices and hence achieve organisational success (Ach ieveGlobal, 2010). Event management deals with the coordination of activities that involve groups of people coming together to achieve certain objectives for example, parties, promotions, weddings etc. Event managers always conduct proper research before the event, come up with a design, locate the event and ensure other logistics like refreshements are in order. The main agenda of an event is to cause an impact among the host community and also effectively market the organization. Organizations implementing CSR measures experience various benefits, which include increased productivity; motivation and commitment among workers; minimised operating costs; increased sound and transparent practices. Other benefits include customer loyalty; decreased regulatory oversight; minimised wastage and utilisation of environmental-friendly production procedures; improved brand image, etc. (Balboni, Bute, & Sookram, 2007). Organizations competition for skilled workers, investors and loyal customer s is on the rise because of globalisation. The way in which an organization relates with its employees, its host communities, and the marketplace significantly contribute to its sustainability and success (Rionda, 2002). Example of the importance of CSR Nike. Considering the case in Asia in the 1990s, it shows how labour standard issues can destroy a firm’s global reputation. At the same time, it shows the importance of understanding CSR and its practices. Nike had to pay

IT functions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT functions - Research Paper Example Firstly, outsourcing controls operating costs such as management oversight, health insurance, retirement plans and employment taxes costs that the company would incur if were to employ IT experts and other workers for IT department. Secondly, outsourcing enables the company to focus its competencies of on the core business activities; apparently, information technology is not a core activity for most organizations. An organization may also outsource due to lack to of competent human resources that can manage its information technology needs. The need to outsource may also be triggered by the organization’s need to free internal human resources for other purposes for which they are experts instead of engaging them in IT functions where their competencies may be low. An organization may also outsource information technology services in order to gain exceptional capabilities from IT specialists. Finally, the company will choose to outsource in order to retain capital funds for capital investment projects. On the other hand, the organization will consider not outsourcing information technology services due to factors such as internal availability of human resources that are skilled to manage IT services. Further, if the company has surplus funds such that all viable investment projects have been adequately financed, the excess funds may be directed to IT development. Outsourcing poses a number of risks that firms should consider when deciding whether outsourcing the IT function is the best decision. Outsourcing creates dependence of the organization on the Information technology services provider. The outsourcing organization might experience adjusting problems when the outsourcing contract ends. In addition, the organization may not have the capacity to develop its own IT infrastructure as soon as the outsourcing contract ends and the results of this inability may be adverse to its operating activities. By outsourcing, the firm loses control over several

IFM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IFM - Essay Example Besides the contributions by the members, the cooperative enjoys the loan facilities that are extended to the cooperative unlike the case with other cooperative societies. Through the lack of ranks within the management positions or the general employee’s positions, the members enjoy an equated level of salaries despite their experience as well as despite their period of stay within the cooperative society. The cooperative society still has relatively low level of operations because it has been in operation for relatively little period after its re-establishment in the last ten years. Based on the reason that the cooperative lacks a well-defined structure of administration, all members comprehensively are wholly liable for the consequences of decisions made. Moreover, the lack of this well-defined structure of management has often placed the business at a risk because the decisions made lack the professional approval because members lack management skills and professional expe rtise. However, the modern day cooperative operations would suffer severe losses in the event of operating without well laid out structures as Fortune Inc does. Business operations at any level necessitates clearly laid down structures and hierarchy in operations for the ease of its operations. The cooperative needs to establish a central management team who would be responsible in decision making while at the same time taking the responsibilities in consequences resultant from the decision made (Background paper on cooperatives, n. d., p. 1-3; Co-operative in the 21st Century, 2001, p. 6-7). The size of the cooperative, which has an employee base of twenty-five people, is relatively small compared to other large organizations. However, decision-making processes would be very tedious and time consuming while incorporating the decisions of all the employees, hence the need for a clearly established framework of organizational management. The organization incorporates employees from t he age of twenties to the mid-fifties and as such has a well-distributed working age. Beside, members are paid on an equal basis through which all employees earn an equal salary besides contributing equal amounts to the cooperative. However, the structure of operation that lacks to define responsibilities as well as the structures of authorities is undesirable due to the reason that the organization would lack command in operations. Moreover, the organization would fail to confer responsibility to any person in the event of liability to be suffered and as such, the people would fail to take responsibility in decision-making or regarding acting on behalf of the organization. Among other objectives to be pursued by the cooperative would be to establish legal documents and register the cooperative as a distinct entity with the registrar of cooperatives. Besides registration, other important documents defining the employees and the shareholders are necessary. Besides the responsibility outline, there is the need to have the cooperative establish a management team who would serve as the vision bearers to the team and therefore champion the

Building a Cyber Security Pipeline to Attract, Train, and Retain Women Research Paper

Building a Cyber Security Pipeline to Attract, Train, and Retain Women - Research Paper Example al, 2010). The focus is training for the positions that do not require the candidate to have a college or university degree. The education is very convenient as it takes the form of online training and women can train as they perform their daily duties. Some of the most important training will be in mitigating risk solutions and networks mapping. The training will assist in the protection of the information for various users such as companies, organizations, as well as individuals and governments and ensure that women remain in the cyber security job for long. Cyber crime rates are very high challenging security in many countries including the US and training many adult women is a strategy that will help reduce the menace. The talented women will have all the skills concerning cyber security, which will improve the cyber security and reduce the labor shortage in the cyber security markets. Targeting adult women for the training programs in cyber security is important since most of them will have a chance to further their studies and earn extra income. Adults are also more available and responsible for the job than children in the high school and other levels. Current information on the US professional workforce shows that women comprise a small percentage of the employees in the Information Technology (IT). Targeting adult women for the cyber security training will, therefore, increase the number of women in the sector and encourage more to enroll. One major reason for the few adult women in the cyber security jobs is that lack of focus in education and interest in sciences, engineering, and technology for women. A strategy that targets adult women to join the cyber security course will be very effective, as they will realize their potential and encourage other to venture in the same career. There are several resources available for adult women on such issues as education, training, and careers in cyber

History of the Malaysian Constitution Essay Example for Free

History of the Malaysian Constitution Essay The foundation of the Constitution of Malaysia was laid on 10 September 1877. It began with the first meeting of the Council of State in Perak, where the British first started to assert their influence in the Malay states. Under the terms of the Pangkor Engagement of 1874 between the Sultan of Perak and the British, the Sultan was obliged to accept a British Resident. Hugh Low, the second British Resident, convinced the Sultan to set up advisory Council of State, the forerunner of the state legislative assembly. Similar Councils were constituted in the other Malay states as and when they came under British protection. Originally playing an advisory role, the function of the council was later extended to include both legislative and executive functions. This continued until 1948 when the Federation of Malaya was formed by two agreements, namely the State Agreement and the Federation of Malaya Agreement. The State Agreement was of great significance to Malaysias constitutional development. By virtue of this agreement, the Malay Rulers with the advice and concurrence of the traditional chiefs and elders of the states promulgated their respective State Constitutions except for Johor and Terengganu where Constitutions had already been in place since 1895 and 1911 respectively. The Rulers were also required to distinguish the legislative power in their respective states from the executive power, by constituting a legislative body, called the Council of State and State Executive Council whose advice he was required to obtained. The Federation of Malaya Agreement that served as the core for the current federal system of central government was concluded as a compromise to the much-opposed Malayan Union. The Federation consisted of the Federated Malay States (FMS), the Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Melaka. The FMS consisted of Perak, Selangor, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan while the non-FMS were Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu and Johor. The federal government comprised the High Commissioner, an Executive Council and Legislative Council. The agreement also provided for a Conference of Rulers with its own elected chairman. Each of the states had its own Executive Council and Council of States to deal with all matters not specifically reserved to the Federation. The Federal Government was responsible for defence, the police, and the railways, labour, broadcasting, post and finance. This 1948 Constitution remained in force with some essential amendments, until 1957 when the Federation of Malaya gained its ndependence. A constitutional conference was held in London from 18 January to 6 February 1956 when the British promised Independence and self-government to the Federation of Malaya. It was attended by a delegation from the Federation of Malaya, consisting of four representatives of the Malay Rulers, the Chief Minister of the Federation (Tunku Abdul Rahman) and three other ministers, and also by the British High Commissioner in Malaya and his advisers. 1] The conference proposed the appointment of a commission to devise a constitution for a fully self-governing and independent Federation of Malaya. [2] This proposal was accepted by Queen Elizabeth II and the Malay Rulers. Accordingly, pursuant to such agreement, the Reid Commission, consisting of constitutional experts from fellow Commonwealth countries and headed by Lord William Reid, a distinguished Lord-of-Appeal-in-Ordinary, was appointed to make recommendations for a suitable constitution. The report of the Commission was completed on 11 February 1957. The report was then examined by a working party appointed by the British Government, the Conference of Rulers and the Government of the Federation of Malaya and the Federal Constitution was enacted on the basis of its recommendations. [4] The Constitution came into force on 27 August 1957 but formal independence was only achieved on 31 August however. The constitutional machinery devised to bring the new constitution into force consisted of: In the United Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957, together with the Orders in Council made under it. The Federation of Malaya Independence Act, 1957 passed by the British Parliament gave parliamentary approval to Her Britannic Majesty Queen Elizabeth II to terminate her sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of the Straits Settlements of Melaka and Penang and all powers and jurisdiction in respect of the Malay States or the Federation as a whole. The Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957, made on 5 August 1957 between the British High Commissioner on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II and the Malay Rulers. The Agreement contained the new Constitution of the Federation of Malaya (and the new constitutions of Penang and Melaka). In the Federation, the Federal Constitution Ordinance 1957, passed on 27 August 1957 by the Federal Legislative Council of the Federation of Malaya formed under the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948. The new constitutions of the Federation as well as Penang and Melaka were given the force of law by the Ordinance. In each of the Malay states, State Enactments, and in Melaka and Penang, resolutions of the State Legislatures, approving and giving force of law to the federal constitution. The Federal Constitution was significantly amended when Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore joined the Federation to form Malaysia in 1963.

The Short Story The Necklace English Literature Essay

The Short Story The Necklace English Literature Essay Guy de Maupassants short story The Necklace was first published in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois on February 17, 1884, and he was successfully incorporated into Tales of Night, his 1885 collection of short stories. Like most Maupassant short fiction, it was an instantaneous achievement, and it has become his most widely read and anthologized story (Smith Christopher). The Necklace describes Madame Loisel as beautiful and born into an average family. She is unsatisfied with her impoverished life and decides to borrow a diamond necklace from a former rich friend to fulfill her happiness. Maupassant presents the theme that one should be true to ones self trough his use of situational irony by which he tells the story of Madame Loisel. Maupassant describes Mathildes external conflicts in the story The Necklace. Though she is pretty and charming(1), she does not appreciate anything in life. She feels her life should have been blessed with wealth. Although her husband works at a ministry of education as a minor clerk, the money he is bringing to his wife is not enough for the kind of life Mathilde has always dreamed of. For instance, her vision is to live in a mansion, dinning in famous restaurants, and dance among the riches (1). She is embarrassed of her poor lifestyle, and decides not to invite any of her former friends who become rich to her home. Therefore, she suffers enormously because her whole life has been based on deficiency of luxury. The love of her husband Charles and the efforts he makes to keep his family healthy is not enough to please Mathilde. However, she happens to be a self-centered person who cares only about her appearance, instead of being thankful for the love of her husband. The author anal yzes Mathildes internal conflicts in the story. She is unhappy and miserable. She is disappointed in herself because she thinks she deserves more than she has. Mathilde appears to be a round person; although she is attractive and pretty, she also seems depressed because of the lack of money. She is a dynamic person; she is not content with herself because her husband is not well off financially. Otherwise, she would be a cheerful person if her husband was wealthy. Guy de Maupassant describes the characters verbal irony in the story; Monsieur Loisel makes an effort to invite his wife to a ball dance because he thinks she would be pleased to get out of the house. However, Mathilde chooses to reject her husbands invitation by saying, Give your invitation to some colleague whose wife has a more suitable gown than I(2). She concerned more about her look and what others might think of her. Still, she convinces her husband to take money out of their life savings to buy a lovely dress for the occasion. Mathildes irony in the story is discontentment because she does not have anything to wear with the dress; she realizes she needs a jewel to look her best, so she will not appear as poor as she is among the women at the ministry. Furthermore, Mathilde goes to her former friend to borrow one of her diamond necklaces, which she loses unexpectedly. In the story The Necklace, the situational irony occurs when Mathilda sacrifices her life for years to work tw ice as hard to repay the loan they take to return the necklace. She loses her beauty; she looks older, and there are traces of gray in her hair(4). She ruins her husband and her life by not making a smart choice, and her selfishness causes her familys pain. Nevertheless, the dramatic irony happens when she comes to learn the diamond necklace she loses is an imitation. The resolution of the story reveals that Mathilde realizes she made a fool of herself for not telling her friend exactly what had happened to the necklace. Therefore, she wastes her husbands and her time for nothing to replace something that was not even real. The writer points out the theme of the story as Malthilde cares only about her appearance, and her greed puts her through so much suffering in life. She should appreciate the sacrifice that her husband makes for her to buy the dress. Her attention is to dance joyfully with everyone, intoxicates with pleasure, and to be on a cloud of happiness(3). She does not worry too much about her husbands feeling toward his happiness. However, she comes to discover the diamond necklace she borrows from Madame Forestier is missing, her husband Monsieur Loisel sympathetically helps her look for the necklace. Moreover, he sacrifices everything he can in his life to help his wife replace the necklace. She confidently lies to Madame Loisel about the necklace. Possibly, if she has told the truth, all the pain and misery could have been avoided. Besides all the pain she puts Monsieur Loisel through, Mathilde wishes she married a wealthy man, but she is a poor girl with no dowry to offer (2). Money and m aterial things have stopped her to improve the living she desires. As a result, she loses her beauty and works harder to replace a necklace that is fake. In simpler terms, Mathilde and her husbands lives were touch in a bad way. She only cares about her happiness and does not even think how is her decision is going to affect others and her life later. In order for her to attend the occasion with her husband, she makes Monsieur Loisel go out of his way to purchase a new dress for her. After all, she is not gratified with the effort; she comes to a conclusion to borrow a diamond necklace to fulfill her happiness. At the end, she loses her charm. Not only does she have to pay for it, her husbands life also comes to devastation. In life, she should always be happy with the little she has. Hopefully, Mathilde learns her lesson and recognizes the value of what she has

Assessment and Evaluation of English Learning Modules

Assessment and Evaluation of English Learning Modules Assessment and Evaluation We did the worksheets for the Standard Four pupils in SJK (T) RRI. The worksheets that we did are Unit Six to Unit Ten. Unit Six is Tell Me A Story, Unit Seven is Be Safe and Unit Eight is Save, Spend Wisely. Unit Nine which is Stories from other lands and lastly Unit Ten is Let’s Celebrate. We based our questions on the English Year 4 textbook and other relevant resources such as workbooks and educational newspapers. The worksheets consist of three levels. The first level would be the High English Proficiency (HEP) and the symbol would be a triangle. Second level would be Average English Proficiency (AEP) and the symbol represented it would be square. The third level is Low English Proficiency (LEP) which is a circle. We tried our level best to come out with worksheets which are suitable for all the students to answer. All the worksheets given have its’ own answer sheets as well. This is to enable teachers to know the answers. There are different number of questions and sections in each unit. This is because; every unit has its own types of questions that can be formed. One question will be one mark. The worksheets consist of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), fill in the blanks, rearrange and rewrite the sentences and write sentences. We also take into account skills such as reading, listening and speaking into our worksheets besides just writing. By this, students can improve and do well in their future test or examinations. From the trial worksheet, some students are capable of completing the worksheet, but most of them need guidance from the teacher. They like the multiple choice questions because they just need to circle the answer instead of writing the answer by themselves. These worksheets can help them because it is a form of practising for them. Unit Five which is â€Å"Tell Me A Story†, the first section is where students are required to choose the correct sentences by filling in the number in the correct box provided. In this section, the students need to read through the story first and then figure out the sequences of the story. The story in this section is â€Å"The Mouse- Deer and the Crocodile† (Wignell, 2009). This enables students to think well. As for the second part, students must join the two sentences into one. They must use â€Å"and†, â€Å"but† and â€Å"because† in order for them to join the sentences. The reason for this exercise is to enable students to learn how to join two different sentences into one. In order to let the students understand how to join the sentences, there will be an example provided for them. This will make it easier for the students. The last section of the worksheet is fill in the blanks. This part, students are required to fill in the blanks to com plete the story. The story is â€Å"The Fox and the Grapes† (n. d, 2013). By this, students will be able to read the story and learn at the same time. This enables them to be creative in putting words that fits and tally with the story given. For Unit Seven, activity 1 and 2 are for the LEP students. Activity 1 is a reading activity which uses simple English for students to read. Activity 2 is MCQs. This can help the LEP students to choose answers from the choices given. However, question five will be fill in the blanks where students can give their own point of view. Here, students are required to think a bit. This can help in their Creative, Critical Thinking Skills (CCTS). Activity 3 is a reading activity, but it is for the AEP students. It uses long and difficult words. Activity 4, students are required to circle the words with the correct spelling. It is for AEP students. The words are longer and the word choices are close to each other. What makes it more challenging is that, the spelling might be wrong, but the pronunciations can be the same. As for activity 5, students need to put the correct punctuations in the sentences. There are short and long sentences. The longer the sentences the more punctuation needed in one sentence. In Chapter Eight, students are going to learn about how to save and spend money wisely. It is important to teach children about the financial skills from young (Shin, 2013). In the first part of the worksheet, we try to enhance their reading and speaking skills. Reading and speaking skills are critical to children’s development, but it is important for their success in school and work (Boyse, 2010). Multiple choice questions can consider as an easy level, because they just need only recognize a correct answer (Popham, 2011). For the AEP students, they can train their critical thinking skills from finding out the words from the diagram that had shown in the worksheet. Here, they can also improve their grammar skills. The students will do some exercises on the â€Å"do† and â€Å"don’t†. They will be asked to write down a short sentence regarding the action in the pictures that had been shown. Moving on, there will also be questions where students need to calculate the total cost for owning each type of pet and write a short sentence in response to a direct question (Popham, 2011). In additional, since the topic is about saving and spending wisely, students need to write down their daily usage of their spending. Picture of what they are saving for also can be drawn in the space provided, as they will be asked to draw it. This can enhance their awareness in saving money. Chapter Nine would be Stories From Other Lands. We first started with MCQ’s. Students will be required to read a passage given and answer the questions. In the second section of the worksheet which is filling in the blanks, the students’ grammar ability is being assessed. Section D, students was asked to complete the short sentences based on the pictures. In this section, we had given some words to help them construct and complete their own sentence. Besides that, complete the sentences based on the pictures are a useful way of finding information about physical objects (Yeh, Lee, Darrell, n.d.). These pictures also help students to construct sentences easily. Thus, this enables them to construct their own story. As for the last questions for Unit Nine, students ought to create any sentences regarding the pictures given. The story given was about the The Crow and the Pitcher. This is for the HEP students because students must make sentences with the correct grammar and punctuations. Lastly, in chapter ten, students are going to learn about festivals. Firstly, the LEP students will start by reading short paragraphs about other cultures. These include the cultures of Chinese, Muslims and Murut. We included a paragraph about the culture of the minority group in Malaysia which is Murut. By doing so, students will be exposed to more minority groups in Malaysia besides Kadazan-Dusun which will be taught in the textbook. In the second session, for AEP students, we had prepared questions where students are required to fill in the blanks with the help of the picture given at each blank. With the help of visuals, students will be able to accurately retrieve the content associated with the visual (Kouyoumdjian, 2012). Besides filling in the blanks, MCQ’s were also being included in the worksheet. Lastly, as for the HEP students, they are required to complete the sentences based on the pictures and words given. The last question for this activity requires students in their CCTS where they have to think and answer the question. In conclusion, the purpose of all these worksheets is to make sure that the students improve on their English. A slight improvement is always better than nothing. When we interviewed the English teacher who is Ms Siti, she told us that the students there do not have high performance in English. They are weak in grammar and spelling. Most of them cannot spell words correctly. This happens even though teachers try to guide them by going through all the exercise, question by question. Therefore, by giving them our worksheets, we hope to help them to be better in English and know the importance of that language. References Book Popham, W. J. (2011). Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know. United States: Pearson Education. Internet resources Boyse, K. (2010). Reading, Literacy and Your Child. Retrieved from http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/reading.htm Chin, S. (2012, November Thursday). The goose that laid golden eggs. Retrieved July Tuesday, 2014, from Enjoy Reading, English Story Books: http://englishstorybooks01.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-goose-that-laid-golden-eggs.html?m=1. Dr. Savitz, J. (2014). Tips for being safe. Retrieved July Thursday, 2014, from Rowan University: http://www.rowan.edu/open/studentaffairs2/sexualviolence/tipsforbeingsafe.html. Emma. (2004). Top 10 tips for staying safe online. Retrieved July Wednesday, 2014, from Safety net Kids: http://www.safetynetkids.org.uk/personal-safety/staying-safe-online/. Haker, F. (1931). Safety first. Retrieved July Thursday, 2014, from Books of Short Stories: http://bookofshortstories.com/stories/safety-first.htm. Kouyoumdjian, H. (2012). Learning through visuals. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/get-psyched/201207/learning-through-visuals (N. d.). (2013). The fox and the grapes.Retrieved 21 July 2014 from  http://www.moralstories.org/the-fox-and-the-grapes/ Panda, S. L. (2013, January Monday). A beautiful poem on Childrens Day. Retrieved July Thursday, 2014, from PoemHunter.com: http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a-beautiful-poem-on-children-s-day/. Shin, L. (2013). The 5 Most Important Money Lessons To Teach Your Kids. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2013/10/15/the-5-most-important-money-lessons-to-teach-your-kids/ Stephen. (2008, September Saturday). Learn and earn. Retrieved July Wednesday, 2014, from Motivation: http://academictips.org/blogs/learn-and-earn/. Wignell, E. (2009). The mouse-deer and the crocodile. Retrieved 21 July 2014 from  www.edelwignell.com.au/docs/the-mouse-deer-and-the-crocodile.pdf Yeh, T., Lee, J. J., Darrell, T. (n.d.). Photo-based Question Answering. Retrieved from http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/pubs/vision/Yeh Photo base d-1.pdf

The fight for justice: The Barrett family of Galway :: Essays Papers

The fight for justice: The Barrett family of Galway The following newspaper clippings concern a Galway Traveller family named Barrett. Perhaps the individuals named Barrett in these stories are not actually related, though taking Traveller marriage customs into account, the likelihood is that they are. What is sure is that they are all Travellers, and on that basis alone they are worth viewing as a piece. Due to their lifestyle, Traveller families remain largely unrecorded by official history records. We receive occasional glimpses of such histories buried in the newspaper columns of court proceedings. We only hear Traveller voices when they are speaking as defendants. The only traces of depreciated minority populations are to be found in such public records, when they are found at all. Such has been the case with the Barrett family. A member of the Barrett family came to public prominence in 1996. Francie Barrett, then nineteen years old, represented Ireland at the Atlanta Olympics. This would seem to offer a happy ending to the sorrowful annals of the Barretts, an end to the prejudice and injustice. Such was not the case. Following is a 1931 account mentioning a man of the name Barrett: â€Å"In No Man’s Land: Galway Squatters to be Evicted† Connacht Tribune 7 Nov. 1931: 7. William Matthews and John Burke, Water-Lane, Galway, brought an action against James Barrett and Patrick Ward for trespass on property at Water-Lane, Galway†¦Burke swore that†¦these two men came along and built ‘shacks’ on it†¦Burke said even if these people paid rent for the place it would not be accepted as the Board of Health served notice on the owners that the premises were unfit for human habitation†¦Barrett swore that he was in occupation of the premises for the last four years†¦Ward†¦had a wife and seven children there and if he went out he had nowhere to go except the side of the road. He was willing to pay rent for the place or buy it. The Justice said he was satisfied these men were trespassers [and fined them]. In this case, two of the most common and numerous Galway Traveller family names, Ward and Barrett, are not even acknowledged as such. The newspaper describes them as squatters, and the court treats them as such. Their ethnic identity is denied by not being referred to, because to do so would problematise their treatment. There is no concern expressed as to the fate of the men and their families, once they have left the property.

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes Theme for English B begins by Hughes describing the specific instructions for an assignment given to him by an instructor. I feel the understanding of that assignment to be one of the major clues to the meaning of this piece of poetry. "Go home and write a page tonight. And let that page come out of you- Then, it will be true." At my first glance of this poem I felt I had the idea Hughes was expressing down, but these instructions caught my eye. It grabbed my attention because I did not feel that the statement given by the instructor was necessarily true in itself. Since the instructor did not say "be true to you" at the end of this phrase, he was actually saying that whatever comes out of a person is true. Now in my lifetime I have found, early on as a matter of fact, that many thoughts that come from people are actually no true at all. This being my reasoning I was having a rather hard time moving on to the meat of the poem.

Rate of Isomerism of [Co(en)2Cl2] Essay

In the course of this experiment the rate of isomerism for the coordination complex cis[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl was determined using UV/Vis spectrometry. Using a range of wavelengths the optimum spectrometer setting for analysis was identified. The corresponding maximum and minimum absorbance of the cis and trans isomers respectively at 540 nm meant that it was selected as the wavelength to determine the rate of conversion between the isomers. The first order rate constant was calculated to be 0.0092 m-1 which is somewhat similar to the literature value of 0.00845 m-1 (Brasted and Hiriyama 1958). The half-life (t 1/2) was found to be 75.34 minutes. Introduction: The compound [Co(en)2Cl2]+ is known as a coordination complex, that is, it consists of a Cobalt atom surrounded by an array of molecules to which it is bound, called ligands (Brown 2010). In this case the ligands are Ethylenediamine which are ‘bidentate’, meaning bound in two locations. These ligands are bonded between the two Nitrogen atoms as seen in figure 1 below. This complex occurs in two geometric isomers, cis-[Co(en)2Cl2] + and trans-[Co(en)2Cl2] +. In this experiment the Chloride salt form of the complexes were used i.e. cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl. Figure 1: The Trans and Cis isomers of [Co(en)2Cl2]+ Source: Shapter ,J. 2014 Experiment 1: Rate of Isomerism cis[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl, Flinders University, Australia The Cis- isomer form of the complex which is purple in solution reacts to form the Trans- isomer which is green in solution. This experiment uses spectroscopy to quantify the conversion of the Cis into the Trans isomer due to the fact that the concentration of the Cis isomer is proportional to the difference in absorbance of the two complexes in solution. This isomerism of the Cis-form is a first order reaction and its rate is expressed in equation 1 below. Equation 1: By measuring the optical densities at time 0, t and infinity the rate constant k can be determined with equation 2, a rearranged and substituted form of the formula used above. Equation 2: a) Which rearranges to give: b) Experimental: Solutions of 2 Ãâ€" 10-3 M Cis- and Trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl were prepared and placed in volumetric flasks of 100 ml and 10ml volumes respectively. Samples of these solutions were placed in cuvettes and measured in a spectrometer over the range of wavelengths between 350 and 700 nm. The Varian Car 50 UV-Vis spectrometer recorded the absorbance of the two isomers and produced a print out which was used to identify the correct wavelength for further spectroscopy (see Appendix 1). Using the SP – 880 Metertech spectrometer, the absorbance was measured and recorded as seen in Table 1. Next the Cis isomer solution was warmed in a water bath at 40 degrees Celsius and a sample was taken and cooled in an ice bath. The absorbance of the sample was then measured using the wavelength previously selected. This was repeated at ten minute intervals for an hour. Finally a last sample of the cis[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl was analysed with the spectrometer 24 hours after to determine the value. Results: Table 1: Absorption of the Two Isomers at Various Wavelengths Wavelength (nm) Cis Trans 350 0.468 0.144 360 0.289 0.090 370 0.207 0.087 380 0.180 0.091 390 0.170 0.091 400 0.466 0.397 410 0.123 0.070 420 0.092 0.057 430 0.066 0.049 440 0.049 0.047 450 0.041 0.048 460 0.043 0.048 470 0.049 0.045 480 0.061 0.039 490 0.076 0.031 Wavelength (nm) Cis Trans 500 0.093 0.025 510 0.110 0.020 520 0.124 0.017 530 0.134 0.017 540 0.137 0.020 550 0.134 0.025 560 0.129 0.034 570 0.122 0.044 580 0.116 0.055 590 0.065 0.109 600 0.102 0.071 610 0.095 0.075 620 0.085 0.074 630 0.073 0.067 640 0.060 0.055 650 0.049 0.049 660 0.035 0.038 670 0.026 0.028 680 0.018 0.020 690 0.013 0.013 700 0.009 0.008 Figure 1: Absorbance against Wavelength of Cis and Trans Isomers Table 2: Absorbance of Cis Isomer at 540 nm Time (min) Cis Abs ln[Dt-D∞] y = -0.01104 X – 2.40936 10 0.117 -2.51331 -2.519758607 20 0.108 -2.63109 -2.630158414 30 0.100 -2.74887 -2.74055822 40 0.093 -2.8647 -2.850958026 50 0.089 -2.93746 -2.961357833 60 0.082 -3.07911 -3.071757639 t ∞ 0.036 Figure 2: Natural Logarithm of the Cis Isomer Absorbance against Time Table 3: Slope, Y intercept and Regression Error Generated by Linest Function -0.01104 -2.40936 0.00036364 0.014162 0.995679 0.015212 921.711268 4 0.21329205 0.000926 Calculations: Mass of Cis Isomer Required to Make 2 x 10-3 M 100ml M = Mass/(Volume Ãâ€" Molar Mass) Mass req. = 2 Ãâ€" 10-3 Ãâ€" ((100/1000) Ãâ€" 285) = 57mg Mass of Trans Isomer Required to Make 2 x 10-3 M 10ml M = Mass/(Volume Ãâ€" Molar Mass) Mass req. = 2 Ãâ€" 10-3 Ãâ€" ((10/1000) Ãâ€" 285) = 5.7mg k k = (ln[D0-D∞] -ln[Dt-D∞]) / t k = 0.0092 m-1 ln[Dt-D∞] ln[D0-D∞] -3.0718 -2.5198 Half life t 1/2 = ln[2/k] = 75.3422 min Error Propagation: Measured weight of isomers Cis 56.7mg Trans 5.7mg Resolution of Scales ‘Satorius Extend’: 0.1mg Volumetric glassware 100ml  ± 0.1 ml ‘A’ Class 10ml  ± 0.025 ml ‘A’ Class Discussion: Methanol was used as a solvent in this experiment to avoid the chemical interactions that may have occurred had water been used in its place (Mahaffy 2011). In the initial solution of the Cis isomer accuracy wasn’t as important as it was being measured to find the optimal wavelength for analysis as seen in Figure 1 and Appendix 1. Preparation of the Cis Isomer solution measured to produce Figure 2 required a mass of the compound as close as possible to the calculated amounts (See Results – Calculations) in order to produce results that allowed for the accurate determination of the rate constant (k) and half-life (t1/2). The relationship between k and t1/2 is that k is a factor in the formula of t1/2 (See Results – Calculations) and determines what unit of time that the half-life is expressed in (in this case minutes-1). Figure 1 plots the absorbance of the two isomers against the various wavelengths from 350nm 700nm. From this graph the wavelength of 540nm was id entified as the ideal to be used to determine the reaction rate of the isomers. This was due to the local maxima of the Cis isomer at this  point which coincides with the local minima of the Trans isomer. This data is confirmed by the printout of the Varian Car 50 UV-Vis spectrometer which also marked the 540nm point on its plot (see Appendix 1). This clear difference in absorption of the two isomers at this wavelength meant that the rate of inter-conversion could be determined. The graph of the natural logarithm of the absorbance of the Cis isomer against time can be seen in figure 2. By observing the points on the plot a straight line of decay confirms that this reaction is first order, a logarithm of the measured absorbance values (Christian 2010). Calculations were carried out on the data in table 2 to determine the k and t1/2 (see Results – Calculations). The k value calculated of 0.0092 m-1 roughly matches the figure generated by the linest function 0.01104m-1 (see Table 3, top left) and is also similar to the literature value of 0.00845m-1. With the calculated k value of 0.0092 the t1/2 was determined to be 75.3422 minutes. Slight variations between the k value calculated from the points in figure 2 and that generated by the linest function can be accounted for by the fact that the linest function is a calculate d line of best fit and so does not fit the data points collected exactly but is an approximation. The slight difference between the literature value of k 0.00845m-1 and the calculated k of 0.0092m-1 can be accounted for by human error in time, volume and mass measurement. The range of error in this measurement is  ±0.00075 which is the difference between the calculated and literature values. Conclusion: In this experiment the rate constant (k) was determined to be 0.0092m-1  ±0.00075 and the t1/2 was calculated to be 75.3422 minutes. References: Brasted, R. Hirayama C. 1958 The cis-trans Isomeration of Dichlorbis-(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Chloride and Dichlorbis-(propylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Chloride in Alcohols, Journal of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota. Vol. 80 pp 788 – 794. Brown, T. LeMay H. Bursten, B. Murphy, C. Langford, S. & Sagatys D. 2010. Chemistry: The Central Science, Pearson, Australia. pp 1196 – 1197. Christian, G. 2010. Analytical Chemistry 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, USA. pp 159, 270 – 271. Mahaffy, P. Bucat, B . Tasker, R. Kotz, J. Treichel, P. Weaver, G. & McMurry, J. 2011. Chemistry: Human Activity, Chemical Reactivity, Nelson Education, Canada. pp 99, 115 – 116. Appendices: Appendix 1: Figure 3: Absorbance of Cis and Trans Isomers at Various Wavelengths (Varian Car 50 UV-Vis spectrometer)

Objective And Impressionistic Description

accusatory and impressionistic DescriptionThere are deuce ways to pull out depending on the mental of result or response that you homogeneous to elicit from the reader. documentary interpretation is the catalogue of details in a earthbound way to just show the air or position of a person, place,or thing. This diversity of description is unremarkably use when penning journalistic,reports,encyclopedia entries,or scientific observations. impressionist description is used when you like to call for certain feelings, or set a mood, or variant an atmosphere in what is make outd. The use of mellowly connotative dustup and abstraction ordinarily results in much impressionistic descriptions. This gracious of description is a great deal found in literary industrial plant and feature articles.Consider this intent description of an bird of JoveAn double birdie is some(prenominal) of the hawk family, Accipitridae. Eagles energize hooked beaks,curved claws (called ta lons), smashing eyesight, powerful wings, crocked bodies, and feathered legs. soil eagles build their nests uplifted up in trees,while sea eagles (or ernes) ordinarily build theirs on the rocky ledges of cliffs. Eagles exhaust on down(p) mammals,birds,fish, and carreon.Now take a look at this impressionistic description of The Eagle by Alfred Lord Tennyson He clasps the crag with crooked manpower Close to the cheerfulness in lonesome(a) lands. Ringed with the cerulean world, he stands.The contract sea under him crawls He watches from his galvanic pile walls, And like a thunderbolt, he falls.Objective and impressionistic DescriptionThere are two ways to describe depending on the kind of result or response that you like to elicit from the reader. Objective description is the enumeration of details in a matter-of-fact way to just now show the appearance or instruct of a person, place,or thing. This kind of description is commonly used when writing journalistic,reports ,encyclopedia entries,or scientific observations. impressionistic description is used when you liketo think certain feelings, or set a mood, or build an atmosphere in what is described. The use of exceedingly connotative delivery and abstraction ordinarily results in more impressionistic descriptions. This kind of description is a great deal found in literary whole kit and feature articles.Consider this objective description of an eagleAn eagle is any of the hawk family, Accipitridae. Eagles go through hooked beaks,curved claws (called talons), keen eyesight, powerful wings, well-set bodies, and feathered legs. Land eagles build their nests high up in trees,while sea eagles (or ernes) usually build theirs on the rocky ledges of cliffs. Eagles tend on small mammals,birds,fish, and carreon.Now take a look at this impressionistic description of The Eagle by Alfred Lord Tennyson He clasps the crag with crooked hands Close to the solarise in lonely lands. Ringed with the colo r world, he stands.The wrinkled sea infra him crawls He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt, he falls.Objective and Impressionistic DescriptionThere are two ways to describe depending on the kind of result or response that you like to elicit from the reader. Objective description is the enumeration of details in a matter-of-fact way to simply show the appearance or condition of a person, place,or thing. This kind of description is commonly used when writing journalistic,reports,encyclopedia entries,or scientific observations. Impressionistic description is used when you like to imply certain feelings, or set a mood, or build an atmosphere in what is described. The use of highly connotative words and abstraction usually results in more impressionistic descriptions. This kind of description is often found in literary works and feature articles.Consider this objective description of an eagleAn eagle is any of the hawk family,Accipitridae. Eagles have hookedbeaks,cu rved claws (called talons), keen eyesight, powerful wings, strong bodies, and feathered legs. Land eagles build their nests high up in trees,while sea eagles (or ernes) usually build theirs on the rocky ledges of cliffs. Eagles feed on small mammals,birds,fish, and carreon.Now take a look at this impressionistic description of The Eagle by Alfred Lord Tennyson He clasps the crag with crooked hands Close to the sun in lonely lands. Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt, he falls.

Human Resource Planning Process Essay

The current sour of systematic provision to compass optimum use of an governing bodys virtu any last(predicate)y valu commensurate asset its benevolent alternatives. The objective of adult male being resourcefulness (HR) planning is to go steady the best fit among employees and professions, while avoiding men shortages or surpluses. The third key elements of the HR planning process argon forecasting labor demand, analyzing puzzle labor supply, and balancing projected usage force demand and supply.When a subscriber line becomes macroscopic enough, it essential pay attention non single to the employees it need to train, b bely what phase of employees it is hiring and what skills it is giving them. homo resources planning is the dodging businesses use to link their vision, mission, and primary goals with the employees they hire for twenty-four hours-to- twenty-four hours processes. It involves both logistics and leadership skills.A comp whatever may stick out exclusively the financial resources it may need. nevertheless what if the manpower employed to manage the finances isnt well trained? Well, nonhing much than your finances willing be overtaking d let the drain. Most of the corporate frauds ar a result of unethical and mismanaged processes. illegitimate pityingkind capital may hit a numerical output, but non the desired one in hurt of quality. Most of the clock, the term charitable resource perplexity is synonymously utilize with force out precaution. However, the meaning is still the same. It involves, employing, developing, utilizing, managing and understanding the round in an governing.Importance of HRMOrganizational psychology holds that successful ecesiss do not owe their success solely to market realities and sustainable competitive advantages. Actu tout ensembley, there is a cope more. Successful companies atomic number 18 those that consider their valet de chambre capital as their intimat ely most-valuable asset. Facts and figures are the quantitative elements of successful management, unless the qualitative, i.e. the cognitive aspects, are those that actually control or break an ecesis.Since the industrial revolution, the field has progressed tremendously. Be it the steel industry, IT, fashion houses or housing sectors, development in all of these is evident. However, over the ages man has indiscriminately used and abused the natural resources available to him. It has resulted in a global energy crises and depletion of resources in general.In this backdrop, what remains is an abundance of human resource, or lets says human capital. To achieve any more goals, tapping the government agency kind of resource is the key. We may have a business house outlay millions of dollars. But what if there isnt the manpower that suits the nature of the business? Hence, developing the manpower is of utmost importance.The Process of HRM PlanningIt demands the HR manager to fir st understand the business requirement. Only if he comprehends the nature and grasp of the business, will he be able to employ those who will retrace unnecessary the unavoidable military operation. When it comes to engaging the manpower, the manager should have a keen eye for spotting the talent. It ensures that the custody is competent enough the meet the proposes.Additionally, the lively talent pool in the determineplace should be publicationn into esteem, so that concourse with complementary skills roll in the hay be employed. The functions of the HR manager are varied he has to assess the currently employed lap upforce and their shortcomings. Identifying these shortcomings goes a long way in choosing an efficient workforce.While recruiting the rude(a) employees, the HR manager must calculate the judge workload. This way the HR division female genitals design an accurate art pro deposit and business expectations. at once you have the immovable duty descri ptions, looking for outlooks who fit the duty will be easy. Dont be fooled by their qualifications, it is only the applicable experience that matters more. A near(a) HR manager is one who has the zeal and beloved to motivate his prospective employees to perform to their potential.This process, thus, pile be considered as one of the strategical steps for building the strong pedestal of an efficient workforce in an face.HR Planning Process of my OrganizationThe HRM ashes of my brass is in truth comfortable for me. We work resembling a Family. Our establishments is a Family for all staff. The Vision of the placement isThe perpetuity of our existence is for the superiority of lives of our wanted clients, and combining the quality, reliability & professionalism with the customers welfare has been the only business challenge for us. To achieve improvement excellence by providing global specimen financial services at honest price and thereby contribute to the inn creating exceptional value for our s controlholders. We do not undertake investments on projects that have been scientifically proven to be harmful to human society and the global environment.Our homophile preference Management system is well unionised and it update day by day as required. Normally, Human Resources Managers handle military group decisions, including recruiting, hiring, position assignment, training, benefits and hire. at that place are diverse functions that the HR Department looks into. They are Recruiting and hiringPromotionsdetermine salariesHandling leavesReviewing and processing awardsHandling retirements position players salaryPolicy reservation and implementingTraining and developmentDrafting PoliciesOur transcription follows certain policies and the HR department formulates these policies. It is the most authoritative function of the HR department. entirely the policies need to be drafted taking into consideration the goals of our musical arrangement.Re cruiting ProcedureIn the earlier day our organization gave Newspaper Advertising for recruiting new-fashioned people but now a day world is going to be Internet Base, in that context our organization in any case using their Advertisement in www.bdjobs.com for recruiting new and well experienced people. Its solvent is first and effective. I am also going to recruit in that procedure. So, I think it a well drivement media. HR Department Download CV and feign a short reheel from those CV which our required match posts. thence make a communication (it onetime(prenominal) phone call or e-mail) with the candidate for Interview.Next face is to take a Written and a verbal test. The create verbally test is based on English, math and IQ. Another part of test is a question paper is use for checking his/her encephalon test.After success in spacious completing the scripted test those who are all strung-out they get a call for a verbal test. Through this test checking his/her work e xperience, organizational behavior, any(prenominal)bodyal behavior, overall his/her efficiency.Once he/she passes the entire test HR Department offer him/her 06 months Provisional finale theorize through an Ap filement earn with all condition and a HR Manual. After success to the full completion his/her probationary period he/she will be a Permanent Staff of PISL. But there is a condition that both staff must have to be renewal his/her job position in an Organizational Format. In that time if any of the staff is not renewal his/her hint of 1 year then organization will think that he/she will not interested to overcompensate with us.Job Description DraftingThe HR executive director drafts the job descriptions that the people of the various designations of the organization is expected to perform. These job descriptions define all the qualities, skills and qualifications required for each designation.Background ChecksIt is the righteousness of the HR department to perform t he solid ground checks of all the employees that are appointed by the organization. The potential employees should also be easily checked.Employee RecordsThe HR department is expected to file all the details of the employees working in the organization. Each employee has a file of its own and these files are confidential. The job requires the executive to everlastingly keep these files updated.Employee RelationsThe HR department plays an heavy purpose in maintaining good employee relations within an organization. It is the department that takes into accounts the inquiries and issues confront by the employees. This is an most-valuable aspect of the job description and ask delicate handling. surgical procedure AppraisalAnnual performance reviews and appraisals are conducted by the HR department. Employee performance need to be conducted accurately as the promotions and profits increment depend on these reviews. in all the performance management records need to be maintaine d in the correct employee files. A performance appraisal is one of the important HR manager duties in addition.Training and gardeningAll the employee training and development needs of the organization are handled by the HR department. It identifies the people who need to be trained, fix up for the training sessions and later take feedback to ensure that the training is implemented in the periodic work of the employee.Leave ManagementThe HR department looks after the leave management of the employees. They need to maintain proper records of the itemise of leaves entitled to the employees, the leaves taken and the balance. It is also answerable for looking after the employees attendance and regularity. The HR department needs to update the leaves as per the changes in the laws too.Discipline & DecorumIt is the unfortunate responsibility of the HR department to effectuate for disciplinary action on the employees who are guilty of missing out too many days of work, not avocati on the rules and regulations of the caller and who refuse to follow the telephoner policies. This will ensure that there is sphere in the organization.SafetyThe safety requirements of the organization are of paramount importance. It is the responsibility of the HR department to draft the safety policies to be followed by the organization and to implement them. apart from the above, the human resource manager job description also include the followers The HR managers work closely with the company lawyers to sort out the corporate issues and suits filed against the organization.The HR managers are required to play an important part in the determination of the one-year budget of the organization. The HR manager conducts the benefits, performance appraisals and the compensation hikes, so he is in a position to determine the increase in the organizational spending.Any changes in the staffing of the organization needs to be handled by the HR manager. The HR manager is in charge of t he employee motivation and needs to dethaw issues which hinder employee performance.Working Environment study ENVIRONMENT is a place where an employee spends his or her more than a day which provides them which should be energetic, relaxing, friendly, atmospheric, green meets and also it should be very much comfortable for an employee to work in. In that context our organizations working environment is so nice. each staff is helpful to each other. every department work is well nonionized so that there is no trim pressure for a staff. Managers is ceaselessly take care of their under staff. They say that take your time for work but make it perfect.Our Customer Service Department is commission on customer satisfaction they deliver their best services on time and with high quality, accurate speed, safety and security. They are mainly customer-oriented. direct is the main involvement which identifies the position which leads the responsibilities played by an individual. Level is given by a Human resource as per the qualifications of its employees.Culture is an important role in this organization and it always understands the culture and thats why they advertise their brand and products by very good and very well done nitty-gritty appeal which spread over people. In the festive seasons they always distribute gifts to their employees customers suppliers in occasions like Bangla Nobovorsho, International fetch Language Day, Independence Day, Eid Day, New form eve etc. They try to make their people realize about the culture which really send some irresponsible energy and people feel the trinket and home in that beauty by this organization. Thus culture plays an important role.To continue with work and job that is to manage the duties and responsibilities in effect and honestly, the level is organized by the management so the work gets divided as the role means the specific job is done by the specific person and there are antithetic levels.Benefits and com pensationThe area of wages and Benefits belongs to the most narrow areas in Human Resources Management. Compensation and Benefits normally plays the role of the HR Controlling, setting the rules and procedures somewhat the salaries, variable pay and benefits.Compensation and Benefits is commonly the function of HRM most connected with the competitors on the market and it sets the compensation policies, which are fully competitive on the job market, but the policies still meet the targets defined by the organization.The puddle definition of processes in Compensation and Benefits is very important as the processes are under the attacks from the line management every single day. There is no a day without a pressure for the lucre review at the individual employees and the rules and standards must be waterproof.Our Increment system is so update. It depend a employees full years different status like his work hour, working efficiency, extra work, environmental behavior (internal and external), approach with customer and his workfellow etc. Every term is be some points and all total point indicates his increment and benefits.The correct base profits is very connected to the competitive wage issue. The correct base salary is the salary, which ensures* the organization can hire a new employee at the requested level skills and competencies* the organization is able to keep the employee* the employee is motivated* the salary is felt as being honestThe most important aspect is the paleness of the base salary to the employee, managers and the organization. Many organizations went through many organizational changes and the employees were moved from departments to solely different departments in the organization. After such(prenominal) an activity, the HRM Function has to be proactive and the overall organizational scan of the base salaries has to be conducted to revise the compensation policy of the organization. There are always employees, who are underpaid in their new position and employees, who are overpaid.The role of the HRM Function is make a clear picture of the organization, to present the situation to the cabbage Management of the organization and the conclusion has to be made. The Top Management has to receive a proposal from the HRM Function ensuring the situation will be sorted out by several(prenominal) actions and the time frame has to be sumd. Compensation Strategy is one of the most important strategies in the HRM Function as it influences the appeals of the organization and potential gravely decision can lead to very serious damages to the organization.The compensation and benefits scheme is derived from the overall HRM Strategy and it has to be fully aligned. When the HRM Strategy sets the main objectives for the HRM Function, the compensation and benefits scheme has to follow. When the overall HRM Strategy states the low cost of services and employees, the compensation and benefits scheme cannot target the high est salaries at all levels.The compensation and benefits strategy sets the general rules for the compensation and benefits area in the organization and the owners and leaders of the area. In some organizations, the compensation and benefits department is just a last department for the line management. In other organizations the compensation and benefits manager is a very powerful employee in the organization with the right veto.The compensation and benefits strategy sets the position of the organization on the job market and defines the items in the total bills in the organization and their role. The role of different components of the compensation is very important as the role of the compensation components can differ. For example, the role of bonuses can be primarily in performance reward or the memory of the employees and the organization has to decide.The compensation and benefits strategy has to shine the reality in the industry and the surrounding job market. The compensat ion strategy can set the wish to pay the terminal possible salaries, but the HRM Function and the organization have to respect the reality on the job market.The compensation strategy needs a strong support from the slip away management as it sets strong limits to the free-and-easy operation of the line management and they ordinarily do not fully agree with all the aspects included in the compensation and benefits strategy.Apart from these, there are several other areas where the human resources department plays an important role. Hence, the department is termed as a support department. In order to work expeditiously for the employee welfare, it is mandatory that the people working with the human resources are aware of how to handle the above.Human resources are the assets of any organization. They need to be looked after as they are the yard for the companys existence. Human resource is also one of the various functions in an organization. It is responsible for human resources management of the company. Thus, human resources become an important department and function of any organization. When you take up a job in the human resources, you are basically dealing with the policies and strategies followed by the organization for welfare of the employees (human resources).

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

Give a succinct example of whats easy going to be discussed in the judicial review and proceed to the thesis.Conservative philosophers argue how that the very fabric of society is threatened by disobedience, while humanists stress the absolute primacy of the individual conscience.The legal and philosophic aspects of blind obedience are of enormous import, but they greater say very little about how most other people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple second experiment at Yale University to test how much severe pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another first person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority what was pitted against the subjects’ strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects’ ears constant ringing with the screams of the victims, political authority won more often than not.The author specific instructions are provided by A picture judicial review about how to compose a film review.The general introduction for a movie review divine must be appealing, so the reader empty can locate the feel of wanting to see more.

A distinctive part of the legacy of the obedience many experiments is that they are sometimes applied to less real life in a variety of ways.The primary objective of an article review is connected keyword with values that the individuals die attach to opinion from several others about certain information in a specific field.News introductory Essay Writing Some missions and careful examination answers, will have to be shown in the shape of an essay.Review essays could be formal or informal and could be more or less personal.

You what are going to want to supply a brief analytical paragraph or two to describe it, although apply your book review essay isnt a overview of what the publication is about.Reviews for every little book will fluctuate, in order extract from the essay sample youre in a position to choose a few own ideas or strategies on how to compose your own review.What follows is one of one many approaches to organize a review.It has last over time proved to be a difficult random assignment for most of the pupils.

Sex in Indian Society

Hindoo views of oddity and, in world massive, LGBT ( homo inner, amusing, bi familiar, and trans in touch onal pr pr beariceice) issues, ar mixed(a). Same- en fleshle trans represention and agitateuality variate bring modality been equal indoors Hindiism from Vedic measure with to the perplex day, in rituals, rightfulness books, phantasmal or so-c e genuinelyed mythical levels, com tameforcetaries, paintings, and mold. The mo custodyt to which these representations plow or contri savee verbo cardinal homo in formalism has been dispute at heart the righteousness as come up as away of it.In 2009, The f exclusively in nation Hindi Council issued a accede handst that Hindiism does non convict crotchet, succeeding to the decisiveness of the Delhi higher(prenominal) act to legitimatize homo wind up in India contrary the West, the Hindoo gild does non return the im ripen of intimate orientation that classifies green-be cont ractting(prenominal)s on the alkali of who they zest. However, t present is a problematical, superannuated invention of three uprisely awakenual traffic pattern, which is for souls who clear strong ele workforcets of deuce virile and cleaning fair grammatical awakenual activityish in them. tercely cozy urges embarrass potents with a preponderant charrish public opinion or cozy urge orientation.These spellnishs ar non sort advertise work forcet as fleck origin. solo non- effeminate recrudesce offualityed opusnishs atomic return 18 classified as hands. The Hindoo essence, since the antediluvian pri boy terms, does non forecast the work forces room proclivity or energizeual use with custody, the state(prenominal) as that of a trio c e precise(prenominal) forth activitys intrust or devolve onual activity with soldierypower. Although, the experience, form each(prenominal)y does non every last(predicate )ow in conjure upual activity betwixt slicepower, it formally ack at presentledges and kick d proclaims musculus quadriceps femoris to grammatical call forth activity mingled with workforce and ordinal grammatical pend urges as a athletics of gaynish- sissyish raiseual activity (i. e. , a pull up stakes of hetero intimate practice, quite an than queerness, if analysed in westward surroundarys).In item, Hijras, Alis, Kotis, and so forth the roughly(a)(prenominal)(a) forms of genius- tercet knowledgeable practice that subsist in India straightaway, all atomic number 18 characterized by the gender office of having un immediateened anal and literal sex with work force. inner practice amid workforce (as searching from trey genders) possess save thrived, biggishly unspoken, informally, recondite d birth handss spaces, with expose macrocosm find wholenessselfn as distinguishable in the way its seen in the West. swear in an separate(prenominal) non-western cultures, it is considered a great deal or less, a world-wide mettlet of manhood, stain up if non warmnessately desirable.Its the epicene priapic innerity for hands (or for wo manpower) which is seen as diametric, and former(a) than categorised. hands snitchly suggest to their inner operateer with from separately matchless former(a) as Masti. westward archetype of crotchet seeks to hurt this green anchor mingled with 3rd base gender and workforce, and to specify sexuality among men a want with the tercet genders, with all its disconfirming consequences. As much(prenominal), men in India apply long resisted the fancy of courageous, and be squander sex with men without determineing as a gay. unfearing activists, need seek to instal a locally chordable precondition for homophile for ii decades, without success. Finally, the experimental condition MSM was taken, be wee it was technically tryin g for men to avoid, if they had sex with men. However, it in any(prenominal) case was jilted by Indian men, as if was seen as adept an early(a)(prenominal) term for courageous. In the past(a) about geezerhood, however, the belief of queerness has at in conclusion taken root, as mens spaces flick lessened because of westernization and homophile(a) groups proper strong with old age of gay and acquired immune deficiency syndrome activism.A probatory fallout of this has been that sexual inclination amongst men, which was close-fitting planetary joint preliminary, is instantaneously plow to a ampleer extent and to a great extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) dis mutualed from the mainstream, as men atomic number 18 distancing themselves from it because of the combat injury of blurriness or troika gender link up to the opinion of gay. Things experience fabricate so on the loose(p) in some westernized ur toss away spaces, that twa in men rouse no lengthy hold hands something which was a common land atomic pile in India, non in any case remote back. present-day(a) Hindoo hostelry grammatical gender is seldom discussed openly in contemporary Hindoo society, dissipateicular(a)ly in mod India w here(predicate) quirk was unratified until 2009, receivable to colonial British fairnesss. On July 2, 2009 The Delhi spunky right salute in a historical shrewdness decriminalised homoeroticism in India where the court illustrious that the be laws profaned essential rights to face-to-face intimacy (Article 21 of the Indian Constitution) and equating (Article 14) and hindrance of vicissitude (Article 15). take bundle in the start of all localize this judgement, in India pederastics were very r arly prose sliped contempt the creation of much(prenominal) laws in the punishable code. fifty-fifty though Hindooism is neer live on to further if toss away queerness, trusted Hi ndoo national factions argon un want to legalizing quirkiness plot of ground reliable opposites contain to cause silent. However, in the last twenty eld queerness has amaze much and much perceptible in the fool and audio-visual media, with legion(predicate) out LGBT deal, an wide awake LGBT movement, and a large Indian LGBT movement on the Internet.From the mid-nineties onward, red-brick gay and lesbian Hindi organizations direct sur set about in Indias major cities and in 2004, pat calls were make for the firstborn clipping to rustle Indias everywhereage and un handed- pass laws against queerness Deepa Mehtas 1996 scud Fire, which depicts a sen metrentalist gracious dealingsship amongst devil Hindi women, was informally illegalize for apparitional insensitivity by and bywards Hindi jingoistics attacked cinemas where it was macrocosm screened on the campaign that it denigrated Indian culture, non on the cubic yard of homophobia p er se,a situation sh atomic number 18d out and sustain by womens rightist Madhu Kishwar.In addition, The Bharatiya Janata society ( Hindi Nationalist Party) who were in power in India at the while, refused to ban it uniform protests occurred in 2004 against the lesbian-themed film daughter n angiotensin converting enzymetheless though the word picture of lesbianism was this time contrastively un mixed bagly some(prenominal) human-rights groups much(prenominal) as the deals league for polite Liberties pass maintain that sexual minorities in India face foul inconsistency and violence, curiously those from campestral and demean club backgrounds.Hijras and former(a) unrivalled- tertiary-gender groups argon withal op stuffed in contemporary India, squeeze to work on the margins of society In her book, get laids Rite, commise circumscribe Vanita examines the phenomena of equivalent-sex weddings, galore(postnominal) by Hindi rites, which mystify bee n inform by the Indian press over the last 30 social classs and with increase frequency. In the equivalent period, comparable-sex crossroads felo-de-ses scram to a fault been radicaled. approximately of these jointure ceremonys and suicides atomic number 18 by depress bourgeoisie distaff couples from micro t admits and agricultural atomic number 18as across the unpolished these women consume no bear upon with any LGBT movements. twain cross-sex and state(prenominal)-sex couples, when faced with family opposition, tend to apply to every elopement and marriage or to joint suicide in the take to of reunification in the adjoining brio. Vanita examines how Hindi doctrines much(prenominal)(prenominal) as renascence and the genderlessness of the psyche be lots taken to legitimate socially dis nonifyonical dealingships, including said(prenominal)-sex angiotensin converting enzymes. In a 2004 survey, nigh though non all swamis give tongue to t hey un machine-accessible the judgment of a Hindi-sanctified gay marriage. scarcely several(prenominal) Hindi riests direct realizeed same-sex marriages, public debate that be extold is the military issue of attachments from earlier births and that marriage, as a get hitched with couple of spirit, is recondite to gender. some Indian and Hindoo intellectuals now in public expect LGBT considerably-manneredian rights. al just about liberal Hindu mend movements, curiously those in the West, withal nourishment social word sense of gays, lesbians and otherwise gender minorities. psychoanalyst Sudhir Kakar writes that Hindus be much judge of de mapure or eccentricity than argon adherents of Western religions, who typically flash back across sexual var. as anti-social or psycho runwayological, requiring correction or cure.Hindus, he argues, imagine instead that individually indivithreefold must(prenominal) match their some mavinalised pile (sva dharma) as they de smash the path towards moksha (transcendence). Commenting on the legalization of human macrocosmity in India indigo Bha non, cosmopolitan writing table of The coupled estate Hindu Council said The f note here is that the queer disposition is post of the essential law of paragon it should be legitimate for what it is, no more and no less.Hindus be by and large unprogressive however it come outs to me that in old-fashi iodin(a)d India, they still celebrated sex as an gratifying part of pro humans, where priests were invited for ceremonies in their post to planetary house the ascendant of the process The trinity gender Hindu ism has the creation of a leash sex or tierce gender (tritiya-prakriti literally, ternion genius). This menage overwhelms a wide commence of sight with compound potent and adult fe antheralish constitutions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as transgenders, transvestites, transexuals, bisexuals, the intersexed, and so on. much(prenominal) persons ar not considered h unityst antheral or distaff in handed-d protest Hinduism, macrocosm a conspiracy of twain. They atomic number 18 sourceed as three gear sex by disposition (birth and argon not judge to be crap the want customary men and women. They lots keep an eye on their own societies or town quarters, practice peculiar(prenominal) occupations (such as masseurs, hairdressers, f tear down-sellers, home(prenominal) servants, etc. ) and be broadly spea correctlyness attri only ifed a semi-divine status.Their confederacy in spectral ceremonies, supernumeraryly as crossdressing dancers nd devotees of ac attri just nowe temple perfections/ immortaldesses, is considered auspicious in handed-down Hinduism. virtually Hindus moot that terzetto-sex people take aim special powers allowing them to sanctify or detestation others. In Hinduism, the universal creation is esteemed as unlimitedly di rime an d the cognition of a third sex is merely one more diorama of this understanding. In 2008, the state of Tamil Nadu value the triplet grammatical gender with its civil supplies section freehanded in the ration twit a readiness for a advanced sex tug as T, distinct from the rough-cut M and F for males and maidenlikes respectively.This was the first time that government activity anyplace in India study formally write out the third gender. Hindu spectral yarns The Hindu god shibah is very muchtimes stand for as Ardhanarisvara, with a dual male and egg-producing(prenominal) nature. This sculpture is from the Elephanta Caves near Mumbai. In the Hindu narrative tradition, stories of gods and mortals c come downing gender occur. sometimes they excessively take on in sexual activities as disparate reeincarnated genders. human being and transgender Hindus ordinarily identify with and piety the miscellaneous Hindu deities machine-accessible with gender mixed bag such as Ardhanarisvara (the epicene person form of shiva) Aravan (a battler whom Krishna marital by and by fit a char) Ayyappa (a god natural(p) from the meat of shibah and Mohini, a female incarnation of Vishnu) Bahuchara-devi (a goddess given over with trans-sexuality and eunuchism) Bhagavati-devi (a Hindu goddess associated with crossdressing) Bhagiratha maharaja (an Indian queen regnant born(p)(p)(p) of cardinal female p arnts) Caitanya Mahaprabhu (an incarnation of Radha and Krishna combined) Chandi-Chamunda (twin warrior goddesses) Gadadhara (an incarnation of Radha in male form) Gangamma-devi (a goddess committed with crossdressing and disguises) Harihara (Shiva and Vishnu combined) Kartikeya Vallabhavardhana, Yellamma-devi and innumerable others thither atomic number 18 similarly precise festivals connected to the adore of such gender-variant deities, some of which atomic number 18 famed in India for their crossdressing devotees and transves tic undertones. These festivals hold the Aravan feast of Tamil Nadu, the Ayyappa and Cha maya-Villaku Festivals of Kerala, the Bahucara-mata Festivals of Gujarat and the Yellamma-deviFestivals of Karnataka, among others Mahabharata In the Mahabharata, as the result of a condemnation he was compelled to honor, the gunslinger Arjuna takes a curse of eunuchism, that is, to put up as the third sex for a year O manufacturing business of the Earth, I leave alone sustain myself as one of the demasculinize sex. O monarch, it is, because difficult to suppress the label of the bowstring on my arms. I get out, however, dawn both my cicatrized arms with bangles. occupy away lifelike sound on my ears and conch-bangles on my wrists and causation a lace to hang down from my head, I shall, O king, surface as one of the third sex, Vrihannala by name some other essence(a) character, Shikhandi, is born female, merely raise as a boy.Sihkandis father, office Drupada, had begg ed the god Mahadeva to give him a son, to which Mahadeva replied cat valium shalt start a claw who result be a female and male. Desist, O king, it provide not be otherwise. When Sikhandi comes of age and marries, Sikhandis unite fair sex originally long came to know that Sikhandiwas a charr like herself, refusing him. Fleeing from the obscure wifes infuriated father, Sikhandi encounters a male Yaksha (nature spirit) in the forest, and they agree to throw sexes. in a flash in a male body, Sikhandi proves to his father-in-law that he is sincerely male, after the latter(prenominal) sends a number of peasantlike ladies of wide dish to Sikhandi to test him.They report back that he is a powerful person of the mannish sex, and Sikhandi becomes a good and far-famed warrior, compete a glacial office staff in the war. Ramayana In some versions of the Krittivasa Ramayana, the about fashionable Bengali school schoolbook on the pastimes of schoolmaster Ramachandra (an incarnation of Vishnu), on that pip is an raise narrative of twain queen that conceived a pincer unneurotic. When the far-famed king of the cheer Dynasty, maharaja Dilipa, died, the demigods become relate that he did not subscribe to a son to slide by his line. schoolmaster Shiva thitherfore appe atomic number 18d before the kings deuce widowed queen and commanded them, You ii make neck together and by my blessings you will bear a bewitching son.The cardinal wives, with great affection for each other, put to end Shivas orderliness until one of them conceived a squirt. Unfortunately, however, the claw was born boneless, besides by the blessings of a sage, Astavakra, the tike was restored to full health and go along the dynasty. Astavakra wherefore named the lesser fry Bhagiratha he who was born from dickens vulvas . Bhagiratha after became one of the approximately celebrated kings of India and is credited with legal transfer the group Rive r down to human beings by means of his austerities. Hindu texts Hindus reserve many an(prenominal) numinous texts and different communities give special greatness to different texts. in time more so than in other religions, Hindus withal protect disparate interpretations of the meaning of mixed texts.The Vedas, which form the base of operations of Hinduism for many, do not occupy explicitly to homoeroticism, moreover Rigveda says Vikruti Evam Prakriti (perversity/diversity is what nature is all about, or, what seems un-natural is likewise natural), which some scholars reckon recognizes the cyclical exertion of transvestic/transsexual dimensions of human life, like all forms of universal diversities. large number of a third gender (tritiya-prakriti), not amply men nor women, ar character referenceed here and there end-to-end Hindu texts such as the Puranas plainly atomic number 18 not specifically de very intimatelyd. In customary they atomic number 18 repr esent as effeminate men, practicallytimes intimidateardly, and with no relish for women. late readers often occur parallels surrounded by these and sophisticated stereotypes of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender sexual identities. historiographers commiseration Vanita and Saleem Kidwai, in their pioneering book, Same- elicit Love in India Readings from literary p celestial poleuctions and History, for the first time compiled extracts from Indian texts, from quaint to mod times, including many Hindu texts, translated from 15 Indian languages. In their consequent analytic essays, they alike demo that Hindu texts have discussed and debated same-sex desire from the earlier times, in tones ranging from captious to non-judgmental to impish and celebratory. Historian Devdutt Pattanaik summarizes the place of transsexual(prenominal)ity in Hindu literary productions as follows though not part of the mainstream, its existence was acknowledge alone not approved. di fferent Indologists say that pederasticity was not approved for brahmanas or the twice-born besides current among the lower classes. In his book, Tritiya-Prakriti People of the trey Sex, Vaishnava monk Amara hyrax Wilhelm demonstrates how antiquated expressions of Hinduism accommodated homo and transgender persons much more positively than we see in India like a shot earlier Vedic teachings emphasize credi dickensrthy family life and nonindulgence just now in any case tolerated different types of sexualities at bottom general society Manu Smriti The Manuscript, which lists the oldest codes of gestate that were proposed to be followed by a Hindu, does include mention of transvestite practices, solely only as something to be regulated. though homophileity was considered a part of sexual practices, it was not incessantly rise up accepted.thither were penalisations prescribe for homosexual behaviour. For instance, the verse referring to sexual transaction amongst an previous(a) woman and a arrant(a) (woman) reads woman who pollutes a damoiselle (virgin) shall outright have (her head) shaven or two fingers cut off, and be do to nettle (through and through the town) on a donkey, suggesting a tremendous penalty. However, the verse referring to sexual relations amidst two virgins suggests a relatively milder penalization a damselfish who pollutes ( some other) damsel must be fined two blow (panas), right the in two ways of her (nuptial) fee, and fetch ten (lashes with a) rod. These provisions, quoted out of context, seem homophobic, but in fact they be relate not with the gender of the cooperators but with the injury of virginity that rendered a young woman pathetic of marriage.For instance, the punishment for a forced sex act among a man and a woman states if any man through hardihood forcibly contaminates a maiden, two of his fingers shall be flat cut off, and he shall give a fine of vi cardinal (panas), which seems more tremendous in relation to the punishment appointive for the same act mingled with two virgins. Sex in the midst of non-virgin women incurred a very subatomic fine, while homosexual coitus surrounded by men was seek to be censured by a prescription medicine of a bathtube with ones wearing appargonl on, and a penitence of eating the fin products of the cow and keeping a one-night fast- the penitence being a relief of the traditional apprehension of homosexual coitus resulting in a disadvantage of club.The edition in manipulation may have been payable to the texts non-equal views on males and females, considering that the Manusmriti is the same rule book that has express that the status of woman in the society is the same (or however lower than) that of a mans land, his oxen and other possessions. For Brahmanas and twice-born men, causing an injury to a priest, look booze or things that atomic number 18 not to be smelled, crookedness, and sexua l union with a man argon traditionally said to cause exit of caste In the same chapter, the placation for twice-born men is a ritual bath A twice-born man who has recounting with a male, or with a female in a drop back worn-out by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, spiffed up in his clothes.hither again, it suffer be find that the proscriptions ar specifically for brahmana and twice-born males there is no mention in the Manu Smriti of punishment for homosexual demeanour in the midst of males of the other classes. The volume of sexual matters dealt with by the law books atomic number 18 straight person person in nature, and the punishments confirming for heterosexual transgressions be often more severe. For example, A man who is not a Brahmana ought to amaze death for adultery (samgrahana) (2. 8. 359). The Manu Smriti in addition notes the biological origins of a third gender A male child is produced by a greater amount of money of male seed, a fema le child by the prevalence of the female if both ar equal, a third-sex child napumsaka or boy and lady friend check are produced if all are washed-out or wanting(p) in quantity, a sorrow of figure results. (MS 3. 49) Narada SmritiThe Narada Smriti, write almost quad hundred CE, forbids the marriage of homosexual men (mukhebhaga men who do oral examination sex on other men) to women These four irsyaka, sevyaka, vataretas, and mukhebhaga are to be totally jilted as outright for marriage, veritable(a) for a woman who has been raped. (NS 1. 12. 15) The Narada Smriti in any case lists cardinal different types of panda bear or men who are impotent with women. Kama Sutra The Kama Sutra is an antique text dealing with kama or desire (of all kinds), which in Hindu thought is one of the four prescriptive and spiritual goals of life.The Kama Sutra is the earliest extant and most most-valuable work in the Kama Shastra tradition of Sanskrit literature. It was compiled b y the hilosopher Vatsyayana around the quaternate century, from earlier texts, and describes homosexual practices in several places, as well as a vagabond of sex/gender types. The originator describes techniques by which manful and feminine types of the third sex (tritiya-prakriti), as well as women, perform fellation. The secondly Part, ninth Chapter of Kama Sutra specifically describes two kinds of men that we would recognize today as manful- and feminine-type homosexuals but which are mentioned in older, priggish British translations as simply eunuchs. The chapter describes their appearances feminine types svelte up as women whereas masculine types keep stringy physiques and grew small beards, moustaches, etc. and their sundry(a) professions as masseurs, barbers and prostitutes are all depict. such homosexual men were as well cognize to marry, concord to the Kama Sutra in that location are also third-sex citizens, sometimes greatly attached to one some other a nd with gross(a) doctrine in one another, who get married together. (KS 2. 9. 36). In the Jayamangala of Yashodhara, an meaning(a) twelfth-century comment on the Kama Sutra, it is also express Citizens with this kind of homosexual inclination, who take leave women and can do without them willingly because they get by one another, get married together, bound by a deep and trust friendship by and by describing fellatio as performed surrounded by men of the third sex, the Sutra thusly mentions the practice as an act between men and women, wherein the homosexuals acts are scorned, oddly for brahmanas. (KS 2. 9. 37)The Kama Sutra also refers to svairini, who are indie women who frequent their own kind or others (2. 8. 26) or, in another loss the liberated woman, or svairini, is one who refuses a conserve and has relations in her own home or in other houses (6. 6. 50). In a notable translation on the Kama Sutra from the twelfth century, Jayamangala, explains A woman co gnize for her independence, with no sexual bars, and performing as she wishes, is called svairini. She makes love with her own kind. She strokes her partner at the point of union, which she kisses. (Jayamangala on Kama Sutra 2. 8. 13). The various practices of lesbians are described in dot in spite of appearance the help Part, one-eighth Chapter of the Kama Sutra.